What do you call a person living in a country where he was not born?

A person living in a country where they were not born is often referred to as an "immigrant" if they move to that country with the intention of settling there. If they are in a temporary situation, they may be called a "temporary resident" or "non-resident." Additionally, terms like " expatriate" or "expat" can apply, especially if the individual has moved for work or lifestyle reasons.