What does the term gothic mean in art history?

In art history, the term "gothic" refers to a style that emerged in Europe during the late Middle Ages, approximately from the 12th to the 16th centuries. Characterized by features such as pointed arches, ribbed vaults, and flying buttresses, gothic architecture aimed to create soaring structures filled with light, exemplified in cathedrals like Notre-Dame. In painting and sculpture, gothic art often emphasized naturalism, emotional expression, and intricate detail, reflecting both religious themes and the human experience. Overall, the gothic style represents a significant transition in artistic expression, moving towards the Renaissance.