Why did some black abolitionist become increasingly militant during the 1840s?

During the 1840s, some Black abolitionists became increasingly militant in response to the pervasive violence of slavery and systemic racism in the United States. This era saw heightened tensions over issues like the Fugitive Slave Act and violent incidents such as the burning of anti-slavery newspapers, which fueled a sense of urgency for direct action. Influential figures like Frederick Douglass and David Walker advocated for more radical approaches, including self-defense and the use of force if necessary, to secure freedom and rights for African Americans. This shift reflected a growing frustration with gradualist approaches and a belief that more assertive measures were needed to end slavery and achieve equality.