What sequence of events led to the court hearing of the Marbury vs Madison?

The Marbury v. Madison case arose after Thomas Jefferson's victory in the 1800 presidential election, which resulted in a shift of power from the Federalist Party to the Democratic-Republicans. In the final days of his presidency, outgoing Federalist John Adams appointed several judges, including William Marbury, to secure Federalist influence. However, when Jefferson took office, his Secretary of State, James Madison, refused to deliver the commission papers to Marbury. Marbury then petitioned the Supreme Court for a writ of mandamus to compel Madison to deliver the commission, leading to the landmark court hearing.