What are the physiological constants of lions?

Lions (Panthera leo) have several physiological constants that reflect their adaptations as apex predators. Their body temperature typically ranges from 38.5 to 39.5 degrees Celsius (101.3 to 103.1 degrees Fahrenheit). Lions have a heart rate of about 50 to 70 beats per minute at rest and a respiratory rate of 12 to 20 breaths per minute. These constants can vary based on factors such as age, activity level, and environmental conditions.