Corrosive
Attacks and destroys living tissues, such as skin and eyes.
Concentrated solutions of strong acids such as sulphuric acid would be labelled with the corrosive symbol. Concentrated solutions of strong alkalis such as sodium hydroxide would also be labelled this way. Anyone using a corrosive substance should wear gloves and eye protection, such as goggles or a face shield.
IrritantNot corrosive but will make the skin red or blister.
The dilute solutions of acids and alkalis that you normally use at school would be labelled with the irritant symbol. Anyone using an irritant substance should wear eye protection such as goggles, and they should take care to wash any spills off their skin immediately.
ToxicCan cause death, eg if swallowed, breathed in or absorbed by skin.
Lead oxide and chromium oxidewould be labelled with the toxic symbol. Anyone using a toxic chemical would need to take great care. They should wear gloves and eye protection, and they may wear a mask over their mouth and nose or handle the chemical in a fume cupboard.
HarmfulSimilar to toxic substances but not as dangerous.
Copper(II) sulphate would be labelled with the harmful symbol. Anyone using a harmful substance should wear eye protection such as goggles, and they should take care to wash any spills off their skin immediately.
flammableCatches fire easily.
Ethanol and propanone would be labelled with the highly flammable symbol. In addition to the normal precautions of wearing eye protection, anyone using a highly flammable substance should take care to keep it away from flames and sparks, and also from oxidising substances.
OxidisingProvides oxygen to make other substances burn more fiercely.
Potassium manganate(VII) would be labelled with the oxidising symbol. Oxidising substances do not burn themselves but they provide oxygen for flammable substances to burn. In addition to the normal precautions of wearing eye protection, anyone using an oxidising substance should take care to keep it away from flammable substances, including clothing.
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