What in the immune system attacks the islets of Langerhans?

In type 1 Diabetes, the immune system's T cells, specifically CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes, attack the insulin-producing beta cells within the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas. This autoimmune response is triggered by genetic and environmental factors, leading to inflammation and destruction of the beta cells, ultimately resulting in insulin deficiency. Other immune components, such as autoantibodies, may also play a role in this process.