How does gravel reduce step voltage?

Gravel reduces step voltage by providing a low-resistance path for electrical currents to dissipate into the ground. When a fault occurs, the electrical energy spreads out through the soil, and the presence of gravel—due to its larger particle size and lower moisture content—can help to distribute this energy more evenly. This minimizes the voltage difference between two points on the ground, thereby reducing the risk of electric shock to individuals standing nearby. Additionally, gravel can help to prevent the buildup of harmful currents that could otherwise increase step voltage levels.