Which document outlines the separation of powerers within the federal government?

The U.S. Constitution outlines the separation of powers within the federal government. Specifically, it allocates authority among three branches: the Legislative Branch (Congress), which makes laws; the Executive Branch (the President), which enforces laws; and the Judicial Branch (the courts), which interprets laws. This framework is designed to prevent any single branch from gaining too much power, ensuring a system of checks and balances.