How does bleach breakdown?

Bleach, primarily composed of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), breaks down through a process called hydrolysis, especially in the presence of heat and light. Over time, it decomposes into sodium chloride (table salt), oxygen, and water, which reduces its effectiveness as a disinfectant. Additionally, exposure to acids, metals, or organic materials can accelerate its breakdown. Proper storage in a cool, dark place can help prolong its shelf life.