How is bicarbonate of soda used as a raising agent?

Bicarbonate of soda, also known as baking soda, acts as a raising agent by producing carbon dioxide gas when it reacts with an acid in the presence of moisture and heat. This gas forms bubbles in the dough or batter, causing it to expand and rise. Common acidic ingredients that activate baking soda include vinegar, lemon juice, or buttermilk. Its effectiveness is crucial in recipes for cakes, cookies, and quick breads to achieve a light and fluffy texture.