Are liberty dollars from 1880-1926 worth anything?

At a bare minimum they're worth a significant premium (around 70% of the price of 1 oz of silver) simply for their metal content. Depending on condition, date, and mint mark they could be worth even more as collectibles.

You need to check each coin for its date and whether there is a small mint mark letter on the back, and check each date's value separately.

Morgan design (1878-1921) - under the eagle - No letter, S, O, CC, or D (D on 1921 coins only)

Peace design (1921-1935) - near the eagle's tail feathers - No letter, S, or D