What conflict occurred in kazakhstan after independence?

After gaining independence from the Soviet Union in 1991, Kazakhstan faced various conflicts, primarily related to ethnic tensions and political dissent. One significant event was the Zhanaozen riots in December 2011, where protests by oil workers demanding better wages and working conditions escalated into violent clashes with security forces, resulting in numerous fatalities. Additionally, issues surrounding the treatment of ethnic minorities, particularly the Russian-speaking population, created social frictions. Overall, the post-independence period was marked by struggles for political expression and economic disparities.