In the year 1155 the Catholic church issued a Papal letter declaring that Ireland was a possession of England. That plus other events resulted in English monarchs having control over Ireland. This control was not matched by any responsibilities for the well being of Ireland.
Over the centuries this proved disastrous for Ireland.
The main aim of Irish Nationalists was to recover their own country from the British.
Their aim was only partially achieved because there were just too many people in the north of Ireland who did not want to change.
To avoid a long and protracted civil war 6 counties remained as a province of Britain (i.e. Northern Ireland) and the main bulk of the geographical area became the Republic of Ireland.
The change took place during the first half of the 20th Century and remains the same today
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