What replaced czardom?

Czardom in Russia was replaced by a communist regime following the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917. This revolution led to the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II and the establishment of a provisional government, which was soon overthrown by the Bolsheviks. The subsequent civil war solidified the Bolsheviks' control, resulting in the formation of the Soviet Union in 1922, marking a significant shift from monarchy to a one-party socialist state.