What is bankfull dscharge?

Bankfull discharge refers to the flow rate of a river or stream at which the water fills the channel to the point of overflowing its banks. This condition indicates the maximum capacity of the channel before floodwater begins to spill into the surrounding floodplain. It is a critical concept in hydrology and river management, as it helps in understanding flood patterns and designing flood control measures. Bankfull discharge typically occurs during frequent flood events, often estimated to happen on average every 1.5 to 2 years.