Who gets the royalties for les misrable?

The royalties for "Les Misérables," originally written by Victor Hugo and published in 1862, would now be collected by his estate or descendants, as the work is still under copyright in many regions. However, since Hugo passed away in 1885, the novel is in the public domain in most countries, meaning that anyone can adapt or use the text without paying royalties. Any adaptations, such as musicals or films, may have their own separate copyright arrangements, with royalties going to the creators and rights holders of those specific adaptations.