How did the frankish kingdom stay together?

The Frankish kingdom maintained cohesion through a combination of strong leadership, military prowess, and the strategic use of dynastic marriages. Charlemagne, in particular, united diverse territories under a centralized authority, promoting a shared identity through the spread of Christianity and cultural reforms. Additionally, the establishment of local governance and the loyalty of vassals helped manage the vast regions, although this reliance on personal loyalty would later contribute to fragmentation after Charlemagne's death.