How did the Persians punish the Ionians for rebelling?

The Persians punished the Ionians for their rebellion, particularly after the Ionian Revolt (499-494 BCE), by employing brutal tactics to reassert control. They destroyed the city of Miletus and executed its leaders, while also implementing harsh measures against other rebellious cities. Many inhabitants were subjected to enslavement or forced relocation, and the Persian Empire aimed to instill fear and discourage further dissent among the Greek city-states. This punitive response ultimately solidified Persian dominance in the region for a time.