When you pedal a bike maximum torque is produced when the pedal sprocket arms are in the horizontial position and no torque is produced when they are in vertical position explain?

Maximum torque is produced when the pedal sprocket arms are in the horizontal position because this orientation allows the force applied by the rider's legs to be directed perpendicularly to the crank arm, maximizing the lever arm effect. In contrast, when the sprocket arms are in the vertical position, the force applied is parallel to the crank arm, resulting in no effective lever arm to generate torque. Torque is calculated as the product of force and the distance from the pivot point, so the angle of the pedal position significantly affects torque generation.