What impact did the slave trade have on populations in Africa and the Americas?

The slave trade led to significant population displacement in Africa, with estimates of around 12 million Africans being forcibly taken to the Americas. This mass removal of individuals caused disruptions in social structures, loss of cultural practices, and economic instability in many African societies. In the Americas, the slave trade contributed to the growth of plantation economies but also resulted in the dehumanization, exploitation, and mistreatment of enslaved individuals.