What is rule of occupation?

The rule of occupation is a principle in international law and property theory that asserts that land or territory not currently owned or inhabited can be claimed by an individual or state through occupation. This concept historically justified the colonization of unclaimed or sparsely populated lands, suggesting that taking possession and demonstrating effective control could establish sovereignty. However, the rule is often criticized for its implications regarding indigenous peoples and their rights to land. Today, its application is more nuanced, particularly in the context of international relations and territorial disputes.