After World War I, the region in Southwest Asia was primarily controlled by European powers under the mandates established by the League of Nations. France gained control over Syria and Lebanon, while Britain took control of Iraq, Transjordan, and Palestine. These mandates were intended to prepare these regions for self-governance, but they often led to tensions and conflicts due to the imposition of foreign rule. The legacy of these arrangements significantly shaped the political landscape of the Middle East in the subsequent decades.
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