What specifies the distribution of sovereignty between the Federal and state governments in the US?

The distribution of sovereignty between the Federal and state governments in the U.S. is primarily defined by the Constitution, particularly through the Supremacy Clause, which establishes federal law as the supreme law of the land. Powers are divided between the two levels of government, with the federal government possessing enumerated powers, while states retain reserved powers under the Tenth Amendment. Additionally, concurrent powers are shared by both levels, allowing for collaboration on certain issues. This framework aims to balance authority and ensure a system of checks and balances.