Why is the top of the oven hotter than the bottom at most times?

The top of the oven is typically hotter than the bottom due to the design of most ovens, which often have heating elements located at the top. This causes the heat to rise, creating a temperature gradient where the upper part becomes hotter. Additionally, hot air circulates, further distributing heat unevenly. As a result, foods placed on the top rack may cook faster than those on the bottom.