In France the bourgeoisie

In France, the bourgeoisie refers to the middle and upper-middle classes who emerged during the late Middle Ages and played a significant role in the economic and social transformations leading up to the French Revolution. Historically, they were characterized by their ownership of capital, property, and businesses, which positioned them as a powerful social class. The bourgeoisie often championed Enlightenment ideals, advocating for civil liberties and political reform. Their influence has continued to shape modern French society and politics, contributing to ongoing debates about class, wealth, and social mobility.