How do we know if fertilisation has taken place in a woman?

Fertilization can be confirmed through various methods, including blood tests that detect the presence of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), a hormone produced shortly after a fertilized egg implants in the uterus. Home pregnancy tests, which also measure hCG levels in urine, can provide an early indication of pregnancy. Additionally, symptoms such as missed periods, nausea, and breast tenderness may suggest that fertilization has occurred. However, the most definitive confirmation comes from medical evaluations, such as ultrasounds, that can detect early pregnancy.