How does sodium and chloride ions get into sea water?

Sodium and chloride ions enter seawater primarily through the weathering of rocks and minerals on land. When rainwater, which is slightly acidic, erodes these rocks, it releases sodium and chloride ions, which are then transported to rivers and eventually flow into the ocean. Additionally, hydrothermal vents on the ocean floor also contribute to the influx of these ions by releasing mineral-rich fluids. Finally, human activities, such as agricultural runoff and industrial processes, can also introduce sodium and chloride into seawater.