How do you minimize threat to internal validity?

To minimize threats to internal validity, researchers can employ random assignment to groups, ensuring that participants are evenly distributed across conditions and reducing selection biases. Additionally, controlling extraneous variables through standardization of procedures and using control groups helps isolate the effects of the independent variable. Careful operational definitions and consistent measurement tools also enhance reliability. Lastly, conducting pre-tests and post-tests can further clarify the impact of the intervention.