What is peptization how it is avoided?

Peptization is the process by which fine particles, such as clay or colloids, disperse into a colloidal solution, often leading to instability and settling. It occurs when the particles become charged and repel each other, preventing aggregation. To avoid peptization, one can add stabilizing agents, control pH levels, or use flocculants to encourage the particles to clump together instead of remaining dispersed. Additionally, maintaining proper ionic strength and avoiding excessive mechanical agitation can help prevent peptization.