What differences between an emphysema lung and a normal lung?

An emphysema lung is characterized by damaged and enlarged air sacs (alveoli), leading to reduced surface area for gas exchange and decreased elasticity, making it difficult for air to flow in and out. In contrast, a normal lung has healthy, elastic alveoli that facilitate efficient oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange. Consequently, individuals with emphysema often experience breathlessness and decreased respiratory function compared to those with normal lung health. Additionally, emphysema can lead to structural changes in the lung tissue, further impairing respiratory efficiency.