What method did painters use to achieve a realistic style during renaissance years?

During the Renaissance, painters employed techniques such as linear perspective, which created the illusion of depth and space on a flat surface. They also utilized chiaroscuro, the contrast of light and shadow, to enhance three-dimensionality and realism in their figures. Additionally, the study of anatomy and the use of oil paints allowed for greater detail and vibrant color, further contributing to the lifelike quality of their works. These methods collectively transformed the portrayal of human subjects and landscapes in art.