In what ways did the Magna Carta the legal reforms of Henry II and the Model Parliament contribute to the rise of modern democratic institutions?

The Magna Carta, signed in 1215, established the principle that everyone, including the king, was subject to the law, laying the groundwork for constitutional governance. Henry II's legal reforms, including the establishment of a centralized legal system and the development of common law, promoted the idea of equal justice and the rule of law. Meanwhile, the Model Parliament of 1295 introduced the concept of representative government by including commoners alongside nobles, which helped to broaden political participation. Together, these developments fostered the principles of accountability, legal equality, and representation that underpin modern democratic institutions.