How did the use of art in the Safavid Empire differ from that of Renaissance Europe?

In the Safavid Empire, art primarily served to express religious and cultural identity, heavily influenced by Shia Islam, with intricate tile work, miniatures, and calligraphy reflecting spiritual themes and Persian heritage. In contrast, Renaissance Europe emphasized Humanism and naturalism, focusing on individualism and the human experience, as seen in realistic painting and sculpture. While Safavid art was often centered around ornate decoration and architectural grandeur, European art sought to explore perspective, anatomy, and classical themes. Thus, the motivations and styles of artistic expression in these two regions were shaped by their distinct cultural and religious contexts.