Japan has a bicameral legislature known as the National Diet, which consists of two houses: the House of Representatives (Shūgiin) and the House of Councillors (Sangiin). The House of Representatives is the lower house, while the House of Councillors serves as the upper house. Members of the House of Representatives are elected for four-year terms, whereas members of the House of Councillors serve six-year terms, with half of the council up for election every three years. This structure allows for a system of checks and balances within the legislative process.
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