What are the rules in using indirect discourse?

Indirect discourse, or reported speech, involves conveying someone else's Words without quoting them directly. The rules include changing the verb tense (e.g., present to past), adjusting pronouns and time expressions to fit the context, and omitting quotation marks. Additionally, the sentence structure must be altered to integrate the reported speech smoothly into the narrative. For example, "He said, 'I am tired'" becomes "He said that he was tired."