How does the timing of stimulus presentations affect the strength of the conditioned response?

The timing of stimulus presentations can affect the strength of the conditioned response through processes like temporal contiguity and temporal specificity. Pairing the conditioned stimulus and unconditioned stimulus close together in time (temporal contiguity) tends to result in stronger conditioning. Additionally, presenting the conditioned stimulus just before the unconditioned stimulus (temporal specificity) can enhance the strength of the conditioned response.