What are the differences between shoulder extension and flexion in terms of range of motion and muscle activation?

Shoulder extension involves moving the arm backward, increasing the angle between the arm and the body, while shoulder flexion involves moving the arm forward, decreasing the angle. Shoulder extension typically has a greater range of motion compared to flexion. Different muscles are activated during each movement: shoulder extension primarily activates the latissimus dorsi and teres major muscles, while shoulder flexion primarily activates the anterior deltoid and pectoralis major muscles.