What are the causes in fiber attenuation?

Fiber attenuation, or the loss of signal strength in optical fibers, is primarily caused by factors like scattering, absorption, and bending of the fiber. Scattering occurs due to imperfections in the fiber material and microscopic variations in the glass, while absorption results from the material's inherent properties absorbing light. Additionally, bending losses arise when the fiber is bent too tightly, causing light to escape from the core. These factors collectively contribute to the overall attenuation of the transmitted signal.