The Latin translation of the English phrase 'Courage under adversity' is the following: Fortitudo in asperitate. The Word-by-Word translation is as follows: 'fortitudo' means 'moral and physical courage'; 'in' means 'in'; and 'asperitate' means 'difficulties'. The Latin phrase 'ad astram per aspera' is translated into English as 'to the stars through difficulties'. The use of the preposition 'per' implies that the difficulties aren't all there yet. But the preposition 'in' does, and thereby meets the standard of 'under'.
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