When is a theory disproven?

A theory is considered disproven when empirical evidence consistently contradicts its predictions or foundational assumptions, leading to its rejection by the scientific community. This can occur through rigorous testing, experimentation, or observation that yields results incompatible with the theory's claims. Disproval is often a cumulative process, requiring a significant amount of evidence over time to challenge the theory's validity effectively. Ultimately, a disproven theory may be replaced by a more accurate or comprehensive explanation of the observed phenomena.