How did europeans demonstrate superiority over africans?

Europeans demonstrated perceived superiority over Africans through various means, including military conquest, economic exploitation, and cultural denigration. Colonial powers often used advanced weaponry and organized military strategies to subdue African societies. Additionally, they imposed economic systems that extracted resources while undermining local economies, portraying African cultures as inferior and justifying colonization through a paternalistic narrative. This ideology was reinforced by scientific racism and social Darwinism, which sought to legitimize European dominance.