What do poll taxes and literacy test have in common?

Poll taxes and literacy tests were both discriminatory practices used in the United States, primarily in the South, to restrict voting rights for African Americans and poor individuals. They were implemented during the Jim Crow era to circumvent the 15th Amendment, which granted African American men the right to vote. Both measures disproportionately affected marginalized groups, effectively disenfranchising them and maintaining white supremacy in the electoral process. These practices were eventually abolished through civil rights legislation and constitutional amendments.