How do cell phone refurbishers call test phones when they are not activated and what standards are followed?

Cell phone refurbishers often refer to unactivated test phones as "dummy units" or "test devices." These phones are typically used to assess functionality, perform repairs, or demonstrate features without an active service plan. Standards for testing usually involve checking key functionalities such as display quality, battery performance, camera operation, and connectivity, ensuring that the devices meet certain quality benchmarks before being sold as refurbished products. Refurbishers may also adhere to industry guidelines, such as those set by the Wireless Industry Association (WIA) or other relevant bodies, to ensure consistency and reliability in their testing processes.