Why coastal areas are sparsely populated?

Coastal areas can be sparsely populated due to various factors, including environmental challenges such as flooding, hurricanes, and erosion, which can deter settlement. Additionally, certain coastal regions may lack economic opportunities, leading to limited job prospects and infrastructure development. Moreover, some coastal zones are protected for conservation purposes, restricting human habitation. Lastly, the presence of rugged terrain or limited access can further contribute to lower population densities in these areas.