What is the subsurface flow layer on the sun?

The subsurface flow layer of the Sun, often referred to as the solar convection zone, is a region located just beneath the solar surface where convective motions occur. In this layer, hot plasma rises toward the surface, cools, and then sinks back down, creating a turbulent flow pattern. This convective activity is crucial for generating the Sun's magnetic field and contributes to solar phenomena such as sunspots and solar flares. The subsurface flow is typically found between about 200,000 kilometers and the surface of the Sun.