What are the four building blocks of financial statement analysis?

The four building blocks of financial statement analysis are profitability, liquidity, solvency, and efficiency. Profitability measures a company's ability to generate earnings relative to its revenue, assets, or equity. Liquidity assesses a firm's capacity to meet short-term obligations, while solvency evaluates its ability to meet long-term debts. Efficiency reflects how well a company utilizes its assets to generate revenue.