Why wasnt Italy a country?

Italy wasn't a unified country until the 19th century due to its fragmentation into various kingdoms, city-states, and territories, each with distinct governments and cultures. The political landscape was shaped by foreign domination and local rivalries, making unity difficult. It wasn't until the Risorgimento movement, culminating in the unification under figures like Giuseppe Garibaldi and Count Camillo di Cavour, that Italy emerged as a single nation-state in 1861.