What is the concept that compares an employers workforce by race and sex for specific job categories against the surrounding labor market?

The concept you are referring to is known as "workforce diversity analysis" or "utilization analysis." This process assesses the representation of various demographic groups, including race and sex, within an employer's workforce in comparison to the available labor market in the surrounding area. It aims to identify disparities and ensure that hiring practices promote diversity and equal opportunity, aligning with affirmative action and equal employment opportunity principles.