Why when you put a pencil in a Half cup of water it looks broken?

When a pencil is placed in a half cup of water, it appears broken due to the refraction of light at the water's surface. This bending of light occurs because light travels at different speeds in air and water, causing the pencil to appear displaced or misaligned at the interface. The effect creates an optical illusion that makes the pencil seem fractured or bent at the water's edge.